Laws Restricting the Paparazzi Essay -- Celebrity Photographer Media T

The paparazzi - a fusion of the Italian words papatacci, meaning gnat and razzi meaning the popping of flashbulbs. It is also known as aggressive photography. The word paparazzo was coined by Federico Fellini, the name he gave to a prying society cameraman in his 1959 film "La Dolce Vita". Paparazzi photographers are fueled by large sums of money offered by the tabloid press. They try to catch the rich and famous in unflattering situations. The new breed of journalism grew by leaps and bounds after the Watergate scandal first broke in Washington, DC (Petersen's, 57). At first the paparazzi were an annoying group of photographers who were persistent when trying to get the perfect shot of a celebrity so they could sell the image for large sums of money but as technology became more advanced so did the equipment the paparazzi used - telephoto lenses, hi-tech listening devices, and powerful zoom lenses on video cameras. No major celebrity can avoid them. Emerging from cars, entering glittering parties or trying to take a secluded vacation, the glamour figures of the '90s are hounded mercilessly by the men-and a few women-who wield long lenses and a brazen shamelessness (Maclean, 38). Today, paparazzi's tread on private property, film celebrities during intimate moments, and even go as far as stalking a public figure. Some of these photos can be worth in the millions of dollars. A single photograph of Prince Charles seen together with his mistress Camilla Parker-Bowles is estimated to be worth 5 million English pounds. The prince says he "would love to figure out a way for the proceeds to go to charity" (Newsweek, 95).The prince and his mistress usually arrive and depart at different times in order to avoid the paparazzi when they attend a function together. The prince has been lucky. Almost all well known faces have had run-ins with the paparazzi but many have horror stories to tell. The Screen Actors Guild has been concerned with the paparazzi and how it affects many of it's 100,000 members. "The death of princess Diana was the final straw" according to the SAG president, Richard Masur. He, along with California Senators Diane Feinstein, Barbara Boxer, and three respected constitutional scholars had a meeting to discuss what could be done about the paparazzi. In less than four hours, they came up with the rough wording of S. 2103 (Quill, 27). Before... ...g with the intent to capture audio or video images of a celebrity or crime victim engaging in a personal or family activity. It will allow the celebrity or crime victim to recover damages from the paparazzi and people who employ them (Victorville). According to Andrea Brown, a spokesperson for former governor Pete Wilson, "The governor thought it was important because of safety issues for normal everyday people. These people deserve to conduct their personal lives in private. Technology requires changes in any law. It creates new ways for people to commit crimes." After all the research done on the pro's and con's of new laws that would affect the paparazzi it's easy to see how these laws could affect people on both sides of the issue. Paparazzi photographers have to make a living and the famous deserve their privacy. Celebrities know that with fame comes the loss of privacy but they do not deserve to loss all privacy and not all paparazzi photographers are ruthless, shameless, aggressive people. The laws that came into effect on January 1st, 1999 were only to restrain the most aggressive of photographers. We can only hope that the paparazzi will learn when they've gone too far.

Last three paragraphs of “The Great Gatsby” Essay

This passage is the last three paragraphs of the story. The passage is Nick’s thoughts on Gatsby and the future. This passage ends the story and concludes Nick’s narrative. It happens while Nick is going home to Minnesota in a train. It illustrates the main theme of the un-attainability of the American Dream. In the first sentence of the passage, Fitzgerald uses the word â€Å"brooding† to show the mood of Nick, the narrator. Brooding gives an impression of deep, dark thinking. Next, he talks about the green light at the end of Daisy’s dock, a symbol that pervades the writing throughout the work. It symbolizes Gatsby’s hopes and dreams for the future. Fitzgerald uses the word â€Å"wonder† to show Gatsby’s excitement for his future with Daisy. Fitzgerald also uses the word â€Å"obscurity† to describe the land west of New York. This gives the tone a careless tone because Nick doesn’t explain what he really means. Nick also proceeds to call the Midwest â€Å"the dark fields of the republic.† In the second paragraph, Fitzgerald mentions the green light again, calling it â€Å"the orgastic future.† This description shows the expectations everyone has for future, but only a few people attain it. The diction of the second paragraph adds to the tone of the passage, showing the un-attainability of the American Dream. The last paragraph is only one sentence and is also the last sentence in the book. Fitzgerald uses this sentence to show that the â€Å"current† is flowing towards the East, and hence corruption. He uses the word â€Å"ceaselessly† to describe the movement of time into the past. Nick’s physical movement west is also his movement into the past and traditional values. Fitzgerald’s word choice affects the mood of the passage in many ways. In the first paragraph, Nick sounds bitter about the un-attainability of Gatsby’s dream. He says that it was â€Å"so close that he could hardly fail to grasp it.† This sounds bitter and resentful. Nick then goes on to talk about how the dream that Gatsby strove for was fake and an illusion. He says that what he was really looking for was in the vast Midwest. In the second paragraph he becomes sentimental and dreamy, using ellipses to show how he keeps stretching for the American dream, which is just ahead of him. Nick turns even more sentimental in the third paragraph, saying that he is moving into  the past and embracing traditional values in spite of the overwhelming corruption. The Great Gatsby is dedicated to the theme of the decay and the unattainability of the American dream and the last three paragraphs of the book fully illustrate that theme.

Domestication History of Squashes (Cucurbita spp)

Squash (genus Cucurbita), including squashes, pumpkins, and gourds, is one of the earliest and most important of plants domesticated in the Americas, along with maize and common bean. The genus includes 12–14 species, at least six of which were domesticated independently in South America, Mesoamerica, and Eastern North America, long before European contact. Fast Facts: Squash Domestication Scientific Name: Cucurbita pepo, C. moschata, C. argyrospera, C. ficifolia, C. maximaCommon Names: Pumpkins, squash, zucchini, gourdsProgenitor Plant: Cucurbita spp, some of which are extinct  When Domesticated: 10,000 years agoWhere Domesticated:  North and South AmericaSelected Changes: Thinner rinds, smaller seeds, and edible fruit Six Main Species There are six cultivated species of squash, which in part reflect different adaptations to local environments. For example, the figleaf gourd is adapted to cool temperatures and short days; butternut squash is found in the humid tropics, and pumpkins grow in the widest range of environments. In the table below, the designation cal BP means, roughly, calendar years ago before the present. Data in this table has been assembled from a variety of published scholarly research. Name Common Name Location Date Progenitor C. pepo spp pepo pumpkins, zucchini Mesoamerica 10,000 cal BP C. pepo. spp fraterna C. moschata butternut squash Mesoamerica or northern South America 10,000 cal BP C. pepo spp fraterna C. pepo spp. ovifera summer squashes, acorns Eastern North America 5000 cal BP C. pepo spp ozarkana C. argyrosperma silver-seeded gourd, green-striped cushaw Mesoamerica 5000 cal BP C. argyrosperma spp sororia C. ficifolia fig-leafed gourd Mesoamerica or Andean South America 5000 cal BP unknown C. maxima buttercup, banana, Lakota, Hubbard, Harrahdale pumpkins South America 4000 cal BP C. maxima spp adreana Why Would Anybody Domesticate Gourds? Wild forms of squashes are harshly bitter to humans and other extant mammals, so bitter that the wild plant is inedible. Interestingly, there is evidence that they were harmless to mastodons, the extinct form of American elephants. Wild squashes carry cucurbitacins, which can be toxic when eaten by smaller-bodied mammals, including humans. Large-bodied mammals would need to ingest a huge amount to have an equivalent dose (75–230 whole fruits at once). When the megafauna died off at the end of the last Ice Age, wild Cucurbita declined. The last mammoths in the Americas died off about 10,000 years ago, around the same time squashes were being domesticated. Archaeological understanding of the squash domestication process  has undergone a considerable rethinking: most domestication processes have been found to have taken centuries if not millennia to complete. In contrast, squash domestication was fairly abrupt. Domestication was likely in part the result of human selection for different traits related to edibility, as well as seed size and rind thickness. It has also been suggested that domestication may have been directed by the practicality of dried gourds as containers or fishing weights. Bees and Gourds Stingless bee pollinating a gourd flower. RyersonClark / iStock / Getty Images Plus Evidence suggests that cucurbit ecology is tightly bound up with one of its pollinators, several varieties of an American stingless bee known as Peponapis or the gourd bee. Ecologist Tereza Cristina Giannini and colleagues identified a co-occurrence of specific types of cucurbit with specific types of Peponapis  in three distinct geographic clusters. Cluster A is in the Mojave, Sonoran and Chihuahuan deserts (including P. pruinosa); B in the moist forests of the Yucatan peninsula and C in the Sinaloa dry forests. Peponapis bees may well be crucial to understanding the spread of domesticated squash in the Americas because bees apparently followed the human movement of cultivated squashes into new territories. Entomologist Margarita Lopez-Uribe and colleagues (2016) studied and identified molecular markers of the bee P. pruinosa in bee populations throughout North America. P. pruinosa today prefers the wild host C. foetidissima, but when that is not available, it relies on domesticated host plants, C. pepo, C. moschata and C. maxima, for pollen. The distribution of these markers suggests that modern squash bee populations are the result of massive range expansion from out of Mesoamerica into the temperate regions of North America. Their findings suggest that the bee colonized eastern NA after C. pepo was domesticated there, the first and only known case of a pollinators range expanding with the spread of a domesticated plant. South America Microbotanical remains from squash plants such as starch grains and phytoliths, as well as macro-botanical remains such as seeds, pedicles, and rinds, have been found representing C. moschata squash and bottle gourd in numerous sites throughout northern South American and Panama by 10,200–7600 cal BP, underlining their probable South American origins earlier than that. Phytoliths large enough to represent domesticated squash have been found at sites in Ecuador 10,000–7,000 years BP and the Colombian Amazon (9300–8000 BP). Squash seeds of Cucurbita moschata have been recovered from sites in the Nanchoc valley on the lower western slopes of Peru, as were early cotton, peanut, and quinoa. Two squash seeds from the floors of houses were direct-dated, one 10,403–10,163 cal BP and one 8535-8342 cal BP. In the Zaà ±a valley of Peru, C. moschata rinds dated to 10,402-10,253 cal BP, alongside early evidence of cotton, manioc, and coca. C. ficifolia was discovered in southern coastal Peru at Paloma, dated between 5900-5740 cal BP; other squash evidence that has not been identified to species include Chilca 1, in southern coastal Peru (5400 cal BP and Los Ajos in southeastern Uruguay, 4800–4540 cal BP. Mesoamerican Squashes The earliest archaeological evidence for C. pepo squash in Mesoamerica comes from excavations carried out during the 1950s and 1960s in five caves in Mexico: Guilà ¡ Naquitz in Oaxaca state, Coxcatlà ¡n and San Marco caves in Puebla and Romero’s and Valenzuela’s caves in Tamaulipas. Pepo squash seeds, fruit rind fragments, and stems have been radiocarbon dated to 10,000 years BP, including both direct-dating of the seeds and indirect dating of the site levels in which they were found. This analysis allowed also to trace the dispersion of the plant between 10,000 and 8,000 years ago from south to north, specifically, from Oaxaca and southwestern Mexico toward Northern Mexico and the southwestern United States. Xihuatoxtla rock shelter, in tropical Guerrero state, contained phytoliths of what may be C. argyrosperma, in association with radiocarbon-dated levels of 7920/- 40 RCYBP, indicating that domesticated squash was available between 8990–8610 cal BP. Eastern North America In the United States, early evidence of the initial domestication of Pepo squash comes from different sites from the central midwest and the east from Florida to Maine. This was a subspecies of Cucurbita pepo called Cucurbita pepo ovifera and its wild ancestor, the inedible Ozark gourd, is still present in the area. This plant formed part of the dietary complex known as the Eastern North American Neolithic, which also included chenopodium and sunflower. The earliest use of squash is from the Koster site  in Illinois, ca. 8000 years BP; the earliest domesticated squash in the midwest comes from Phillips Spring, Missouri, about 5,000 years ago.   Selected Sources Brown, Cecil H., et al. The Paleobiolinguistics of the Common Bean (Phaseolus Vulgaris L.). Ethnobiology Letters 5.12 (2014): 104–15.  Giannini, T. C., et al. Ecological Niche Similarities of Peponapis Bees and Non-Domesticated Cucurbita Species. Ecological Modelling 222.12 (2011): 2011–18.  Kates, Heather R., Pamela S. Soltis, and Douglas E. Soltis. Evolutionary and Domestication History of Cucurbita (Pumpkin and Squash) Species Inferred from 44 Nuclear Loci. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 111 (2017): 98–109.  Kistler, Logan, et al. Gourds and Squashes (Cucurbita Spp.) Adapted to Megafaunal Extinction and Ecological Anachronism through Domestication. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112.49 (2015): 15107–12.  Là ³pez-Uribe, Margarita M., et al. Crop Domestication Facilitated Rapid Geographical Expansion of a Specialist Pollinator, the Squash Bee Peponapis Pruinosa. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Scie nces 283.1833 (2016).  Zheng, Yi-Hong, et al. Chloroplast Phylogeny of Cucurbita: Evolution of the Domesticated and Wild Species. Journal of Systematics and Evolution 51.3 (2013): 326–34.

All Quiet On The Western Front - 1069 Words

All Quiet on the Western Front tells the story of the young Paul Bà ¤umer, a man of 19 years who enlisted with his classmates: Kropp, Mà ¼ller, and Leer. Together with a few others, these men formed the Second Company of the German Army. The story of these young men is a tragic one, full of few laughs and many sorrows. Throughout the story, the author demonstrates the undying loyalty that grows between the protagonist and his friends, specifically Kat, another member of the Second Company. Also, the author gives readers a glimpse into the inner workings of a soldier’s mind, invoking a strong feeling of sympathy as Paul questions who he really is. The protagonist feels as though he will never fit back into peacetime society, for he does not really have a life established in his hometown. Paul is not the only soldier with emotional instability, Kropp showed signs of PTSD early in the story (18.) Finally, the theme of loss is introduced early in the book, with the death of Kem merich, and is continued throughout the book. There were many main aspects throughout the story. One of these aspects was the friendship of Kat and Paul. Even though, they were not classmates they quickly became the closest of friends. For example, after Kropp and Tjaden were put into open confinement, Kat asks Paul if he wants to roast a goose. Kat meticulously marked the point on the map: a shack owned by the regimental headquarters, and after a bribe of 2 cigarettes to a munition-wagon driver, they wereShow MoreRelatedAll Quiet of the Western Front756 Words   |  3 PagesPlot Summary: All Quiet on the Western Front Written by Erich Maria Remarque, All Quiet on the Western Front is the tale of a young man by the name of Paul. Paul who is nineteen years old gathers several of his friends from school and together they voluntarily join the army fighting for the Axis alliance. Before they are sent off into actual battle, they are faced with the brutal training camp. Along with this they face the cruelty of the life of a soldier. This made them question the reason forRead MoreAll Quiet on the Western Front700 Words   |  3 PagesThe greatest war novel of all time, All Quiet on the Western Front, by Erich Maria Remarque, is a novel that depicted the hardships of a group of teenagers who enlisted in the German Army during World War 1. Enlisting right out of high school forced the teens to experience things they had never thought of. From the life of a soilder on the front line to troubles with home life, war had managed to once again destroy a group of teenagers. Throughout the novel, we saw the men of the Second CompanyRead MoreAll Quiet On The Western Front1797 Words   |  8 PagesTitle: All Quiet on the Western Front Creator: Erich Maria Remarque Date of Publication: 1929 Class: War Novel Anecdotal Information about Author: -Erich Maria Remarque was conceived on 22 June 1898 into a working people family in the German city of Osnabrà ¼ck to Peter Franz Remark (b. 14 June 1867, Kaiserswerth) and Anna Maria (nà ©e Stallknecht; conceived 21 November 1871, Katernberg). -During World War I, Remarque was recruited into the armed force at 18 years old. On 12 June 1917, heRead MoreAll Quiet on the Western Front943 Words   |  4 Pages The book All Quiet on the Western Front, by Erich Maria Remarque, is about a group of 19 year old young men who are changed by the ways of war. There is paul: the main character; Tjaden: a tall, skinny locksmith, also the biggest eater; Albert Kropp: a lance-corporal and the clearest thinker; Muller: studious, intelligent, and likes school; Leer: has a preference for the girls from the prostitution houses and has a beard; Haie Westhus: a peat-digger, and big in size; Deterring: a peasant, he alwaysRead MoreAll Quiet On The Western Front2393 Words   |  10 PagesAll Quiet on the Western Front: Book Review Erich Maria Remarque, author of All Quiet on the Western Front, actually fought in WWI (Remarque 297). Because of this, he was able to write this book with accurate depictions of the war. He writes how being in combat can really take a toll on a person and affect them in a negative way. He also writes of the pain and suffering that the soldiers must cope with that comes along with living in constant fear and danger. When looking at the title of theRead MoreAll Quiet On The Western Front2085 Words   |  9 PagesThis essay will consider the different effects created by Erich Maria Remarque in his novel All Quiet on the Western Front. As a writer, Remarque unknowingly left his novel open to readers with completely different perspectives, and to various forms of criticism. This undoubtedly meant that every single reader had been affected by the novel in many different ways which unfortunately for Remarque may have been an effect that he never intended. This essay is divided into 5 main sections. Firstly itRead MoreAll Quiet On The Western Front1089 Words   |  5 Pages In Erich Maria Remarque’s novel, All Quiet on the Western Front, human nature is the only abstract periphery between belligerent barbarism and justifiable violence. Through the insipid bombardments that rained shells over the Germans’ heads and noxious implementation of mustard gas, Remarque dexterously misleads the reader into believing that he fights in an apathetic war where all remnants of human nature and identity have been destroyed with the introduction of trench warfare. Through Paul Baumer’sRead MoreAll Quiet On The Western Front1509 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"He fell in October 1918, on a day that was so quiet and still on the whole front, that the army report confined itself to a single sentence: All quiet on the Western Front† (Remarque 296). Paul Baumer, the narrator of All Quiet on the Western Front, enlisted into the German army at a young age of nineteen with a group of friends from school. Kantorek, Paul’s teacher, â€Å"gave us long lectures until the whole of our class went, under his shepherding, to the District Commandant and volunteered† (RemarqueRead MoreAll Quiet On The Western Front1129 Words   |  5 PagesIn Erich Maria Remarque’s All Quiet on the Western Front, soldiers at the front have a better idea than civilians of the true n ature of war because they have experienced the war while civilians have only read about it or listened to government propaganda. Remarque is trying to tell us that only those who experience the war can understand how awful war truly is. In All Quiet on the Western Front, the main character Paul goes back to his home, the people he meets still think that the Germans are winningRead MoreAll Quiet On The Western Front1790 Words   |  8 Pagessmell of cigar smoke, gunpowder, and dirt that filled the air. There was no nationalism; all Paul wanted was survival. World War I was supposed to be about nationalism and the propaganda forced upon the soldiers to feel superiority over other countries, but Paul helps to prove otherwise, as his story tells what is was like to be at the front, and how tough it was to be a soldier. â€Å"All Quiet on the Western Front† portrays war as it was actually experienced, replacing the romantic picture of glory and

Investment And Conflict Of Romantic Relationships

Investment and Conflict in Romantic Relationships Com 620 Mark Pace and Bo Zhang Investment Model The theory of relationship investment is an effort to understand maintenance of ongoing relationships. This model is an expansion of Kelly and Thirbaut’s (1978) interdependence theory, which specifies that satisfaction is a function of the reward value of a relationship, relative to expectations, and that commitment stems from the superiority of a relationship, compared with viable alternatives. Interdependence assumes that we evaluate the rewards and costs of our own and our partner’s various behaviors in a relationship, and that both partner’s actions and preferences impact the nature of the relationship. Rusbult (1980) expanded interdependence theory to include that commitment was determined by satisfaction, quality of alternatives, and investments with subcategories of intrinsic, and extrinsic. Intrinsic includes example ideas like emotion and time while extrinsic includes ideas like mutual friends and shared activities. Rustbult’ s ex pansion included the value of resources gained through involvement in a relationship and also resources devoted to developing the association. This model views the ending of a relationship as a loss of resources. Further research such as longitudinal studies on the topic of investment have only strengthened the theory (Bui, Peplau, Hill 1996). The investment model predicts that commitment should increase as the relationshipShow MoreRelatedThe Brain Is Wider Than The Sky1416 Words   |  6 Pagesfathom today. This mental state, depression has affected countless people throughout time. To get to our central point, depression causes deterioration in relationships, especially romantic ones. To understand how to mend relationships and build ourselves up as a community, we need to begin a discussion about depression within romantic relationships. It’s time to offer solutions and open communications with one another to help each other in this very human struggle. Depression affects 350 millionRead MoreRelationship Between Long Distance Relationships1588 Words   |  7 PagesDespite the fact that relationships can be troubling, stressful, and even deadly, most of us are aware that we need relationships with others and that the quality of our lives depends on those relationships whether it is from friends or romantic partners. With the development of technology the evolution of long distance dating relationships are transforming. Long distance relationships used to primarily consist of handwritten letters with the occasional phone call in between. However, progressionRead MoreAttachment Types Of The Bond Formed Between Females And Their Primary Caregiver Essay1109 Words   |  5 Pagesbeen found to influence romantic relationships which can affect depressive symptoms (Broderick Korteland, 2002). Attachment in association with depression and romantic experiences was investigated by Steinberg and Davila (2008). A sample of 83 early adolescent females and their primary caregivers were given questionnaires regarding romantic competence, parent-adolescent security, stress and psychopathology. The results showed that when participant’s had frequent romantic experiences and parent’sRead MoreRelationship Between A Parent And Child1653 Words   |  7 Pagessignificant other. For many, a romantic relationship is the most important element in their lives. A good relationship can improve all characteristics of your life, such as strengthening health, mind and connections with others. The ability to have a healthy loving relationship is a lot of work, give and take, and comprising of one’s individual wants and needs. Whatever you put in, the more you can get back; relationships are investments. However if the relationship is not working, it can be an astronomicalRead MoreThe Effects Of Parental Divorce On Children1604 Words   |  7 Pages and more positive attitudes towards divorce. Hence, this negative att itude about marriage leads to decreased commitment in romantic relationships, which causes relationship quality to deteriorate. Divorce can also influence children s sexual behavior, which can put their emotional and relational stability at risk. One effect of divorce on children’s future relationships is cohabitation. Children of divorced parents run the risk of having a positive attitude towards cohabitation and a cynical attitudeRead MoreA Relationship With My Friend And His Girlfriend970 Words   |  4 Pagesthis relationship interview was to determine if the answers given by my friend and his girlfriend, in regards to how they have felt about their relationship after moving in together, matches with information given in our textbook on the topic of cohabitation. The questions that I gave the couple centered around their happiness in the relationship now, compared with how they felt about one another before cohabitation began. The questions also helped to gain insight on the types of conflict thatRead MoreThe Tongue Lies1560 Words   |  7 Pageswith her, and she with me, And in our faults by lyes we flattered be - Shakespeare Introduction and Definition Before surveys, studies and prying psychologists Shakespeare was poetically exploring, with a clever pun, the complexities of romantic relationships. His bawdy yet poignant couplet hints that lies are a social lubricant. However, it is the submission of this essay that Shakespeare is only representing one side of a complex dichotomy. Perhaps lies might facilitate a measure of closenessRead MoreNarcissism And Its Effects On Adolescent Relationships3175 Words   |  13 Pagesnarcissistic. Narcissism has been studied in communication research, especially regarding narcissism and relationships. Although narcissism tends to be looked down upon, studies have shown that there are positives associated with people who possess this trait, both in their personal lives and in romantic relationships. The purpose of this literature review is to study what is known about narcissism in relationships, the bright side of narcissists and how they can contribute to society, and topics for futureRead MoreThe Development Of The Pair Bond1513 Words   |  7 Pagesculture the relationship most often discussed when describing human interaction and that which is considered the most â€Å"ideal† or â€Å"normal† relationship (demonstrated by cultural morality and various forms of media) is that of the male-female couple. This pair-bonding is a phenomenon that exists to some degree in the natural world, but occurs most prominently in humans. The development of the pair-bond is one of the single most important aspects of human evolution, culture, and relationships as we understandRead MoreDivorce Essay1166 Words   |  5 Pagesmarriage, and more positive attitudes towards divorce. Hence, this negative attitude about marriage leads to decreased commitment in romantic relationships , which causes relationship quality to deteriorate. Divorce can also influence childrens sexual behavior, which can put their emotional and relational stability at risk. One effect of divorce on children’s future relationships is cohabitation. Children of divorced parents run the risk of having a positive attitude towards cohabitation and a cynical attitude

A Sunday on La Grande Jatte Free Essays

A Sunday on La Grande Jatte, 1884 Georges Seurat A Sunday on La Grande Jatte medium’s is an oil on canvas artwork painted by Georges Seurat for two years. His technique is basically painterly. It depicts realistic experiences of people at that time while having a relaxing Sunday in a suburban park in an island in Seine River. We will write a custom essay sample on A Sunday on La Grande Jatte or any similar topic only for you Order Now For some, it is as if Seurat wanted the ‘characters’ in his work to parade in nature. The elements that are highlighted in the painting are texture, value, and color. Georges Seurat used the form of painting called divisionism or most commonly known as pointilism. He was the first to use such form. This form projects a certain kind of rough texture for the artwork. The importance of value is given significance in portraying the feeling of the painting, giving it a certain feel of tranquility. Color is largely seen on how a serene Sunday should feel, happy and full of positive emotions. The painting’s subject matter conveys the peacefulness the people at that time felt, how the people just slowly walk or sit around inhaling the beauty of their surroundings. It is basically a 2D painting in form. The painting literally communicates the calmness of that particular day. Looking at it makes you calm and reminiscing. Seurat’s work of art portrays a serene, calming moment where different kinds of people gather in the shoreline of an island in Seine River, taking pleasure in a Sunday afternoon. The artist’s seeming ‘cast’ composed of soldiers, boaters, the fashionably and casually dressed, the old and the young, families, couples, and single man and women. It appears to be that he is trying to assemble a certain kind of community consisting of different class of people. What is notable in this canvas is the characters’ explicit lack of interaction suggesting that it is because of their diverse class order. Seurat suggests starting a revolution in Impressionism, making his subjects like those in ancient Greeks live and move in a modern setting. The artist used oil paint in order to finish his work. His reverence for the material is evident on how he used it in a unique manner thus creating a certain kind of style called pointillism. A Sunday on La Grande Jatte serves as the start of Neo-Impressionism at the 19th century where Impressionism is widely popular. While both of them values the depiction of realism in painting and canvas, Neo-Impressionism differs because it is more defined and more conservative. As a whole, the painting exudes such immense harmony to people which particularly why I become fond of it. It also gives you an expression of anonymity, making you feel like you also want to have a piece of what the characters or the people in the painting are experiencing. In all fairness, the artwork gives calmness to people and serene to troubled heart. Sources: The Art Institute of Chicago http://www. artic. edu/aic/exhibitions/seurat/seurat_themes. html Artble http://www. artble. com/artists/georges_seurat/paintings/a_sunday_afternoon_on_the_island_of_la_grande_jatte How to cite A Sunday on La Grande Jatte, Essay examples

Categorization and Identification E-Commerce and Marketing

Question: Describe about the Categorization and Identification for E-Commerce and Marketing. Answer: Introduction E-commerce platform is continuously expanding in the UK as it has provided the most convenient mode of virtual shopping experience for its consumers (Haucap and Heimeshoff 2014). Top e-commerce giants in the UK are Amazon and eBay, which has provided the most important and daily usable products at affordable price for each of the consumer segment. This report will discuss about the seven unique features of eBay ecommerce website in UK and evaluate the features in terms of their effectiveness. Company Background EBay is the American multinational ecommerce company that provides B2C and B2B sales via internet (Ebay.co.uk. 2016). One of the most effective marketing strategies of this website is online auction, which generates the highest profit for both vendors and the organization. EBay has earned revenue of US$ 8.59 billion in the year 2015 and has 34,600 employees worldwide (Neto, Bloemhof and Corbett 2016). This organization provides wide range of categorical products such as electronics, furniture, books, entertainment products, medicines and lots more, which has resulted in the highest profit in the year 2013. Seven Unique features Ubiquity According to Wang, Ren and Meng (2012), eBay has extended its marketing capabilities beyond traditional boundaries and has created the largest virtual marketplace in the UK. Geographic location has become boundless, through which the organization is able to engage lot of consumers from varying segments. Garratt, Walker and Wooders (2012) pointed out that by Smartphone and data connection, people can match their preference with the product existence and finally initiate sales in eBay. Shopping costs are reduced and customer convenience is enhanced. Global Reach Van Der Heide, Johnson and Vang (2013) opined that the e-commerce platform eBay, has reached cross-boundaries, which has been possible due to strategic account management and flawless shopping experience. On the other hand, Wang et al. (2012) pointed out that eBay has able to reach globally just because of the involvement of real vendors, who can be testified through the contact available the virtual store against any product. Therefore, reliability and transparency has enabled the formation of largest consumer base in ecommerce platform. Universal Standards According to Curchod, Patriotta and Neysen (2014), eBay kept the same technical media standards across nations. In the UK, eBay has set different price of same product that is sold in the India as well. Therefore, shopping standards are different among nations so that price does not prevent sales. On the other hand, von Brzeski, Taddy and Draper (2015) pointed out that eBay has set extra shipping cost for some of its products among different nations and regions. Therefore, it has able to keep the same revenue and at the same time ensure client satisfaction. Richness Audio, video and text messages of eBay are interrelated and integrated into same marketing channel and therefore clients are not misleaded with different information (Ferguson 2013). The clients are able to get same information about the website and its products even if they are not present in their respective location. Thus, rich information is accessed by the clients, which has enhanced the shopping experience and the clients are able to purchase products, which are not under their vicinity. Interactivity According to Xie and Lui (2015), eBay has enhanced its communication engine, where authentic buyers are able to communicate with potential buyers. Authentic buyers provide feedback and answers to queries raised by potential buyers, which indicates virtual mode of interactive communication. Walia and Zahedi (2013) pointed out that communication style of eBay is justified by 24x7 customer service as well, which mitigates the query of buyers and thus it results in eliminating the gap between the management and consumers. Information Density Saeedi (2014) pointed out that consumers are able to get adequate information of their preferable products if the buyers access the specifications and features. EBay lists out the products specifications and categorical features in the most vivid way and therefore consumers can get the physical evidence of the product. On the other hand, Lendle and Vezina (2015) pointed out that technology reduces informational cost and increases quality. Adequate information triggers the sense of purchasing a product in eBay. Personalization EBay has created the virtual personalized marketplace, where based on account creation, clients can save their preferences in wishlist, which they buy at their convenience. On the other hand, Ye, Gao and Viswanathan (2014) pointed out that personalized marketing messages such as discounts and coupons related emails and promotional messages enhances the amount of sales in eBay. Figure 1: Seven Unique Features of eBay (Source: Ye, Gao and Viswanathan 2014) Evaluation of Features From the above features, it has been found that information density and interactivity are not effectively carried out by eBay. Einav et al. (2014) pointed out that eBay does not provide real information as most of the tech-gadgets are found to have different specifications if those are compared with official product information. On the other hand, Turban et al. (2015) pointed out that interactivity of the website is poor if compared with Amazon as the latter provides a separate query related reply section for the popular products from authentic buyers, which lacks in eBay. Einav et al. (2014) argued that eBay has the best personalization as online auction of products and instant sales are directly mailed to the frequent buyers, which lack in other ecommerce platforms. Moreover, Huang and Benyoucef (2013) opined that universal standards of eBay are more flexible and attractive in UK in terms of both delivery and shipping cost based on regions. Therefore, it can be said that best featu res of eBay are Ubiquity, global reach, universal standard, richness and personalization, whereas its information density and interactivity features are poor. Findings and Suggestions Findings From the above discussion, it is evident that eBay does not have the most concrete information density for its products. Products specifications do not match with the actual features and therefore, certain percentage of frequent buyers is misleaded, which is hampering the sales. It has even been found that interactivity between buyers and potential buyers are not up to the standard that is practiced in Amazon. Therefore, eBay needs to increase the communication platform and information sharing among its clients. The finding even gave the fact that universal richness and ubiquity are strong factors of eBay, which it needs to sustain in future while expanding its business in different locations other than UK. Suggestions for Improvement Update Information It is suggested that eBay needs to update its information regarding the product at the time of inventory replenishment. Most of the products when launched, have distinctive features, which are recorded by eBay, but as time passes, some additional features are included in the products by the manufacturers so that life cycle of the products are increased. Such information needs to be updated when store is replenished so that information is not differentiated. Communication It has been found that interactive communication is poor in eBay and therefore, it needs to update the User Interface and customize the section in such a way so that query and answers are raised and replied conveniently among buyers. Through this system, buyers will get the physical evidence of the product and sort out their suspects and if they are satisfied sales will be initiated. This can be a strategy of the organization to raise the consumer satisfaction through interactive communication. Action Plan Objectives Tasks Success Criteria Time Frame Resources Enhance information depth of products List out new product replenishments Ensure product information update Reduction in consumer query regarding product validity 50 60 days Supplier Human resource Cost Enhance interactive communication Change UI (in-app) Create new query section Increase in consumer query and number of comments 30-40 days Web designer Time Cost Table 1: Action Plan (Source: Created by Author) The above action plan gives the suggestions in the form of objectives and the tasks that it needs to accomplish against each objective. Interactive communication in ecommerce can be ensured if user interface is upgraded. Therefore, within next two months, eBay needs to create the communication section and information base of new products. The resources that will be required are time, cost, web designer, and human resource. Conclusion While concluding, it can be said that eBay can continue to expand if it innovates new strategies within the unique features discussed in the report. Out of the seven unique features, it has been found that eBay poorly practices communication and information, which needs to be upgraded in future through the action plan projected in the report. On the other hand, eBay needs to expand in the global market with more number of products and intuitive search engine so that none of the consumers are left dissatisfied. EBay needs to create the most advanced intuitive search engine and communication hub among its clients so that consumers are able to get the best taste of products as per their preference in UK market. Reference List Curchod, C., Patriotta, G. and Neysen, N., 2014. Categorization and identification: The identity work of business sellers on eBay.human relations,67(11), pp.1293-1320. Ebay.co.uk. 2016. Electronics, Cars, Fashion, Collectibles, Coupons and More | eBay. [online] Available at: https://www.ebay.co.uk/ [Accessed 29 Mar. 2016]. Einav, L., Levin, J., Popov, I. and Sundaresan, N., 2014. Growth, adoption, and use of mobile e-commerce.The American economic review,104(5), pp.489-494. Einav, L., Levin, J., Popov, I. and Sundaresan, N., 2014. Growth, adoption, and use of mobile e-commerce.The American economic review,104(5), pp.489-494. Ferguson, R.B., 2013. How eBay uses data and analytics to get closer to its (massive) customer base.MIT Sloan management review,55(1), pp.2-3. Garratt, R.J., Walker, M. and Wooders, J., 2012. Behavior in second-price auctions by highly experienced eBay buyers and sellers.Experimental Economics,15(1), pp.44-57. Haucap, J. and Heimeshoff, U., 2014. Google, Facebook, Amazon, eBay: Is the Internet driving competition or market monopolization?International Economics and Economic Policy,11(1-2), pp.49-61. Huang, Z. and Benyoucef, M., 2013. From e-commerce to social commerce: A close look at design features.Electronic Commerce Research and Applications,12(4), pp.246-259. Lendle, A. and Vzina, P.L., 2015. Internet Technology and the Extensive Margin of Trade: Evidence from eBay in Emerging Economies.Review of Development Economics,19(2), pp.375-386. Neto, J.Q.F., Bloemhof, J. and Corbett, C., 2016. Market prices of remanufactured, used and new items: Evidence from eBay.International Journal of Production Economics,171, pp.371-380. Saeedi, M., 2014. Reputation and Adverse Selection, Theory and Evidence from eBay.Theory and Evidence from eBay. Turban, E., King, D., Lee, J.K., Liang, T.P. and Turban, D.C., 2015. E-Commerce: Regulatory, Ethical, and Social Environments. InElectronic Commerce(pp. 689-730). Springer International Publishing. Van Der Heide, B., Johnson, B.K. and Vang, M.H., 2013. The effects of product photographs and reputation systems on consumer behavior and product cost on eBay.Computers in Human Behavior,29(3), pp.570-576. von Brzeski, V., Taddy, M. and Draper, D., 2015. Causal Inference in Repeated Observational Studies: A Case Study of eBay Product Releases.arXiv preprint arXiv:1509.03940. Walia, N. and Zahedi, F.M., 2013. success strategies and web elements in online marketplaces: A moderated-mediation analysis of seller types on ebay.Engineering Management, IEEE Transactions on,60(4), pp.763-776. Wang, Q., Ren, K. and Meng, X., 2012, March. When cloud meets ebay: Towards effective pricing for cloud computing. InINFOCOM, 2012 Proceedings IEEE(pp. 936-944). IEEE. Wang, S., Jank, W., Shmueli, G. and Smith, P., 2012. Modeling price dynamics in eBay auctions using differential equations.Journal of the American Statistical Association. Xie, H. and Lui, J.C., 2015. Modeling eBay-like reputation systems: Analysis, characterization and insurance mechanism design.Performance Evaluation,91, pp.132-149. Ye, S., Gao, G.G. and Viswanathan, S., 2014. The good, the bad, or the ugly? An empirical investigation of revoking behavior on eBay.An updated version of this paper has been published in MIS Quarterly: Shun Ye, Guodong Gao, and Siva Viswanathan, pp.1033-1056.